The quadruple marker test or a quad screen is a blood test recommended during the 15th and 20th week of pregnancy. It helps detect birth defects and genetic conditions in the developing baby. Read on to know more about this test and why it’s done.
What Does a Quadruple Marker Test Detect?
The quadruple marker test checks for four key substances in the mother’s blood. These include the following.
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)- A protein that is produced by the fetus’ liver. High levels may be a sign of neural tube defects such as spina bifida (a condition affecting the spine and spinal cord) and abdominal wall defect (a type of congenital defect).
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)- A hormone produced by the placenta. Abnormalities in hCG levels may be a sign of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome.
- Unconjugated estriol (uE3)- This hormone may be produced both by the placenta and the fetus’ liver. Low uE3 levels may indicate chromosomal abnormalities.
- Inhibin-A- This is produced by the placenta and the ovaries. High levels are associated with an increased risk of Down Syndrome.
When Do Fetal Medicine Specialists Recommend a Quadruple Marker Test?
Fetal medicine specialists from Fetomat Wellness recommend a quadruple marker test when-
- You are 35 years or older, and the baby is due
- You had a previous pregnancy where the baby had a birth defect
- You have a family history of congenital anomalies
- You have certain medications or substances that may pose risks
- You were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes prior to getting pregnant
- You have a viral infection or fever during pregnancy
Conditions That Can Be Assessed with a Quadruple Marker Test
The quadruple marker test can assess the risk of several conditions, such as the following.
- Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)- This chromosomal disorder may lead to developmental delays, intellectual disabilities and health challenges.
- Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18)- This condition can cause slower growth and different kinds of physical abnormalities. It can prove to be fatal before birth or in the first year after birth.
- Neural Tube Defects- These include conditions like spina bifida, in which the baby’s spine does not develop properly.
- Abnormalities in Fetal Development- Markers in a quadruple test can detect abnormalities in fetal development, which allows fetal medicine specialists to plan for the management of potential issues.
Conclusion
The quadruple marker test is important for ensuring a healthy pregnancy. If you want to know more about this test, connect with fetal medicine specialists at Fetomat Wellness, a fetal clinic in Kolkata.