When it comes to pregnancy, the well-being of both the mother and baby is the top priority. One condition that requires special attention is Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR). It occurs when the baby does not grow at the expected rate during pregnancy. But don’t worry, early diagnosis and effective management can make a world of difference.
Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR), also known as Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), is a condition where the baby’s growth is slower than expected.
Know the causes of fetal growth restriction, how early it can be diagnosed, the stages of IUGR, and the management strategies for both before and after birth. Read on to know more from specialists at our fetal clinic in Kolkata.
What is Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and How Early Can You Diagnose It?
Fetal Growth Restriction occurs when the baby is not growing as expected inside the womb. In simple terms, the fetus is smaller than it should be for the number of weeks of pregnancy.
This condition can be caused by various factors, including maternal health conditions, placental issues, or problems with the baby’s development.
The good news is that FGR can be diagnosed early, often as early as the second trimester. Regular prenatal checkups, including ultrasounds and other screenings, help track the baby’s growth. It ensures that issues are detected in a timely manner.
Signs of Fetal Growth Restriction
Key signs of FGR include
- A slower rate of growth detected in routine ultrasounds
- The baby measuring smaller than expected for the gestational age
- Decreased amniotic fluid around the baby
The doctor will monitor your baby’s growth with ultrasounds to estimate the baby’s size. They may also perform other diagnostic tests, like Doppler scans to check the blood flow through the umbilical cord and placenta.
If you suspect that your pregnancy might be at risk, it’s important to seek advice from Fetomat Wellness, a reputed fetal clinic in Kolkata. Get in touch with our skilled fetal medicine specialists who can monitor your baby’s health with the latest technologies.
What Causes Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)?
Fetal Growth Restriction can happen for a variety of reasons. It’s important to understand the different causes to ensure proper care and management during pregnancy.
- Placental Insufficiency
The placenta is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the baby. If the placenta doesn’t work properly, the baby may not receive enough nourishment. This can lead to FGR.
- Maternal Health Issues
Conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney problems, or infections can hinder fetal growth.
- Multiple Pregnancies
In the case of twins or triplets, the babies may not get enough nutrients because of the shared placenta. This can lead to FGR.
- Infections
Some infections can affect the baby’s growth, leading to FGR.
- Genetic Abnormalities
In some cases, FGR may be caused by chromosomal issues or other genetic conditions that affect fetal development.
Treatment and Management of Fetal Growth Restriction
Once FGR is diagnosed, the next step is to develop a management plan. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improving outcomes for both mother and baby.
- Monitoring
The first step in managing FGR is monitoring the baby’s growth closely. This includes regular ultrasounds, Doppler scans, and monitoring the amniotic fluid levels. The aim is to assess whether the baby is continuing to grow and to detect any signs of distress.
- Optimising Maternal Health
In cases where maternal health conditions are causing FGR, managing these conditions becomes a priority. This may include:
- Treating high blood pressure with medication.
- Managing diabetes through diet and insulin.
- Addressing any infections or underlying health problems.
- Rest and Lifestyle Adjustments
Pregnant women diagnosed with FGR may be advised to reduce physical activity and get more rest. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol, are essential to ensure the baby gets the best possible environment for growth.
- Early Delivery
If the pregnancy reaches a point where the risks to the baby outweigh the benefits of staying in the womb, the doctor may recommend early delivery. In some cases, delivery can occur as early as possible, depending on how severe the FGR is and how well the baby is doing.
- Medications
In some instances, doctors may suggest medications to help the baby’s lung development in case an early delivery is required.
Can FGR Babies Have a Normal Delivery?
The possibility of a normal delivery for a baby with FGR depends on several factors. These include how severe the growth restriction is, the baby’s health, and whether there are any complications during labour.
- Mild to Moderate FGR
If the growth restriction is mild to moderate and the baby is otherwise healthy, it is possible for the pregnancy to progress towards a normal vaginal delivery. However, careful monitoring during labour is essential.
- Severe FGR
In cases of severe FGR, where the baby’s health or oxygen levels are compromised, a Cesarean section (C-section) may be necessary. It ensures the safety of both mother and baby.
Our fetal medicine specialists in Kolkata at Fetomat Wellness will help you understand the best course of action for a safe delivery. They’ll assess the baby’s position, health, and the presence of any complications that might influence the mode of delivery.
Fetal Growth Restriction Stages
FGR is often classified into stages based on the severity of growth restriction and how much the baby is affected:
- Early-Stage FGR
This occurs during the first and second trimesters. At this stage, the baby is usually smaller than expected but may still be developing well in other ways. Close monitoring is essential.
- Late-Stage FGR
It happens during the third trimester. The baby’s growth slows significantly, and there may be a higher risk of complications such as low amniotic fluid, decreased oxygen, or even fetal distress.
- Severe FGR
This is the most critical stage, where the baby’s growth is significantly restricted, and there is an increased risk of stillbirth, organ failure, or other complications.
The severity of FGR influences treatment decisions, such as the timing of delivery and the methods used to support the baby.
How to Take Care of FGR Babies After Birth?
FGR babies may require special care after birth to ensure they thrive. Some key aspects of care include:
- NICU Care
Some FGR babies may need to be admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for close monitoring of their breathing, temperature, and feeding.
- Feeding Support
FGR babies may have difficulty feeding and gaining weight, so they may need extra nutritional support or feeding tubes.
- Ongoing Monitoring
Regular check-ups will be essential to ensure that the baby is catching up on growth and development. The doctor will monitor the baby’s progress closely.
Early Detection Is Key
With early diagnosis and effective management, many babies born with FGR can lead healthy lives. Regular prenatal care, early ultrasounds, and expert advice from the specialists of a fetal clinic in Kolkata are critical in diagnosing and managing FGR.
At Fetomat Wellness, our dedicated team of specialists is here to support you through every stage of pregnancy. Whether you’re worried about FGR or looking for expert fetal care, our clinic offers the best in monitoring, treatment, and advice.
Plan a Safe and Healthy Pregnancy
Book your consultation with a fetal clinic in Kolkata at Fetomat Wellness to ensure a healthy pregnancy.